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<title><![CDATA[Selected Simulation Literature]]></title>
<description><![CDATA[A collection of citation regarding simulation in medical education and the assessment thereof.]]></description>
<refworks:publisher>RefWorks</refworks:publisher>
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<title><![CDATA[Three different types of surgeon-specific stress reactions identified by laparoscopic simulation in a virtual scenario]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Schuetz,M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gockel,I.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Beardi,J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hakman,P.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Dunschede,F.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Moenk,S.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Heinrichs,W.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Junginger,T.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery causes higher mental strain for surgeons than conventional surgery and is significantly more stressful in consecutive cases. This study aimed to investigate whether individual stress responses are associated with intraoperative alterations of manual surgical skills and technical errors of the laparoscopic surgeon. METHODS: The LapSim virtual reality simulator was used. Stress measurement was carried out for 18 surgeons performing a virtual cholecystectomy using the LapSim simulator in the context of the patient simulator provided by the METI Corporation. In the course of the study, the surgeons were exposed to different external stressors (S1-S4) in defined intervals. The activity of the sympathetic nervous system was evaluated by skin resistance with the help of a sympathicograph. RESULTS: Three different surgeon-specific stress reactions (SSR) could be identified. The first, SSR-1, with significant stress reactions during the study without recovery, showed larger laparoscopic extensions of movement but fewer intraoperative complications than SSR-2 (recovery after the stress reactions) or SSR-3 (without significant stress reactions). CONCLUSIONS: The mental load of the laparoscopic surgeon might be highly optimized by continuous activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The question of what extent or quality of stress produces adverse effects remains unclear.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Surgical endoscopy]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[5]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[22]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1263]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[1267]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:55:52 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:55:52 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3292</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[May]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Adult]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/psychology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Female]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Male]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Medical Errors/psychology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Middle Aged]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Models, Anatomic]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Monitoring, Physiologic]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Stress, Psychological/diagnosis/physiopathology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ User-Computer Interface]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 8806653; 2007/04/01 [received]; 2007/08/22 [accepted]; 2007/08/13 [revised]; 2007/10/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[Germany]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1432-2218]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Department of Anaesthesiology, Simulation Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1007/s00464-007-9605-1]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3292]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:wp><![CDATA[20071018]]></refworks:wp>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Surg.Endosc.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 17943357]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3291">
<title><![CDATA[Feedback by simulated patients in undergraduate medical education: a systematic review of the literature]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bokken,L.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Linssen,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Scherpbier,A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ van der Vleuten,C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Rethans,J. J.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVES: Although the importance of feedback by simulated patients (SPs) is generally recognised, knowledge is scarce about the most effective ways in which SPs can provide feedback. In addition, little is known about how SPs are trained to provide feedback. This study aimed to provide a systematic overview of the ways in which SPs provide feedback to undergraduate medical students, the domains in which SPs provide feedback and the ways in which SPs are trained to provide feedback. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of the literature using PubMed, PsychINFO and ERIC and searched for additional papers cited in reference lists. Papers were selected on the basis of pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria and were classified, using a pre-established form, according to three aspects of SP feedback: training in giving feedback; the process of delivering feedback, and the domain(s) in which feedback is given. RESULTS: A total of 49 studies were included and described in detail on the basis of the three aspects of SP feedback described above. The ways in which SPs were trained to give feedback were largely heterogeneous, as were the processes by which feedback was provided by SPs. Only a few studies described feedback processes that were in accordance with general recommendations for the delivery of effective feedback. Although feedback from the patient's perspective is generally recommended, most SPs provided feedback on clinical skills and communication skills. DISCUSSION: There appear to be no clear standards with regard to effective feedback training for SPs. Furthermore, the processes by which feedback is provided by SPs and the selection of domain(s) in which SPs give feedback often seem to lack a solid scientific basis. Suggestions for further research are provided.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Medical education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[43]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[202]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[210]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:55:51 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:55:51 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3291</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Mar]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Educational Measurement]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Feedback, Psychological]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Students, Medical/psychology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 7605655; RF: 66; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[England]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1365-2923]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Life Sciences and Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. L.Bokken@EDUC.unimaas.nl]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; Review; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03268.x]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3291]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Med.Educ.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19250346; MED3268 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3281">
<title><![CDATA[Coordination patterns related to high clinical performance in a simulated anesthetic crisis]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Manser,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Harrison,T. K.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gaba,D. M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Howard,S. K.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Teamwork is an integral component in the delivery of safe patient care. Several studies highlight the importance of effective teamwork and the need for teams to respond dynamically to changing task requirements, for example, during crisis situations. In this study, we address one of the many facets of "effective teamwork" in medical teams by investigating coordination patterns related to high performance in the management of a simulated malignant hyperthermia (MH) scenario. We hypothesized that (a) anesthesia crews dynamically adapt their work and coordination patterns to the occurrence of a simulated MH crisis and that (b) crews with higher clinical performance scores (based on a time-based scoring system for critical MH treatment steps) exhibit different coordination patterns. METHODS: This observational study investigated differences in work and coordination patterns of 24 two-person anesthesia crews in a simulated MH scenario. Clinical and coordination behavior were coded using a structured observation system consisting of 36 mutually exclusive observation categories for clinical activities, coordination activities, teaching, and other communication. Clinical performance scores for treating the simulated episode of MH were calculated using a time-based scoring system for critical treatment steps. Coordination patterns in response to the occurrence of a crisis situation were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and the relationship between coordination patterns and clinical performance was investigated using hierarchical regression analyses. Qualitative analyses of the three highest and lowest performing crews were conducted to complement the quantitative analysis. RESULTS: First, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant changes in the proportion of time spent on clinical and coordination activities once the MH crisis was declared (F [5,19] = 162.81, P < 0.001, eta(p)(2) = 0.98). Second, hierarchical regression analyses controlling for the effects of cognitive aid use showed that higher performing anesthesia crews exhibit statistically significant less task distribution (beta = -0.539, P < 0.01) and significantly more situation assessment (beta = 0.569, P < 0.05). Additional qualitative video analysis revealed, for example, that lower scoring crews were more likely to split into subcrews (i.e., both anesthesiologists worked with other members of the perioperative team without maintaining a shared plan among the two-person anesthesia crew). CONCLUSIONS: Our results of the relationship of coordination patterns and clinical performance will inform future research on adaptive coordination in medical teams and support the development of specific training to improve team coordination and performance.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Anesthesia and Analgesia]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[5]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[108]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1606]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[1615]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3281</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[May]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Adult]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Anesthesia, General/adverse effects]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Attitude of Health Personnel]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Cooperative Behavior]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Critical Care]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Female]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Group Processes]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Leadership]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Malignant Hyperthermia/etiology/therapy]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Orthopedic Procedures]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Care Team]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Task Performance and Analysis]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Time Factors]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Video Recording]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 1310650; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1526-7598]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[ETH Zurich, Center for Organizational and Occupational Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland. tmanser@ethz.ch]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1213/ane.0b013e3181981d36]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3281]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Anesth.Analg.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19372344; 108/5/1606 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3282">
<title><![CDATA[Use of simulators in vascular training]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Van Herzeele,I.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Aggarwal,R.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Malik,I.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Heart (British Cardiac Society)]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[8]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[95]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[613]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[614]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3282</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Apr]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Cardiology/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical, Graduate/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Radiology/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Teaching Materials]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 9602087; CON: Heart. 2009 Apr;95(8):636-41. PMID: 19131439; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[England]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1468-201X]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Comment; Editorial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1136/hrt.2008.160721]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3282]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Heart]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19329717; 95/8/613 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3283">
<title><![CDATA[Using home schooled children in emergency management drills]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Schwenke,S. G.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[The need to make emergency drills as realistic as possible presents problems in children's hospitals because of the difficulties that exist in recruiting and using children to act as casualties. In this article, the author describes one approach, the use of home school children and their parents, that proved highly successful in conducting a drill involving a school bus accident and possible chemical contamination.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of healthcare protection management : publication of the International Association for Hospital Security]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[25]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[60]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[63]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3283</link>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Accidents, Traffic]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Child]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Disaster Planning/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Hazardous Substances]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Hospitals, Pediatric]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Motor Vehicles]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Organizational Objectives]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Practice (Psychology)]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Program Development]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 8506548; 0 (Hazardous Substances); ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0891-7930]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Door County Memorial Hospital, Sturgeon Bay, WI, USA.]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; H]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3283]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[J.Healthc.Prot.Manage.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19323248]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3284">
<title><![CDATA[Dynamic VRML for training in medicine]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zhang,Z.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhao,J.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Experimenting in medicine can be accomplished by virtual reality system. VRML is a tool to build virtual object and scenes which can realize static and animated applications in medicine. However, to creat a real environment, the demanded level of interactivity and dynamics is difficult to achieve. In this paper we describe some approaches and techniques which can realize dynamic 3D. Our demonstration is based on the implementation of a virtual baby model, whose character can be accomplished by external JAVA applications.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2006]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[23]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[49]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[51]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[6/12/2009 9:52:22 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=3284</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Feb]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer-Assisted Instruction/economics/instrumentation/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Infant, Newborn]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Programming Languages]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ User-Computer Interface]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 9426398; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[China]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1001-5515]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Remote-Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[chi]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[English Abstract; Journal Article; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[3284]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 16532808]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2988">
<title><![CDATA[Audio taping simulated patient encounters in community pharmacy to enhance the reliability of assessments]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Werner,J. B.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Benrimoj,S. I.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVES: To assess whether audio taping simulated patient interactions can improve the reliability of manually documented data and result in more accurate assessments. METHODS: Over a 3-month period, 1340 simulated patient visits were made to community pharmacies. Following the encounters, data gathered by the simulated patient were relayed to a coordinator who completed a rating form. Data recorded on the forms were later compared to an audiotape of the interaction. Corrections were tallied and reasons for making them were coded. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of cases required corrections, resulting in a 10%-20% modification in the pharmacy's total score. The difference between postcorrection and precorrection scores was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Audio taping simulated patient visits enhances data integrity. Most corrections were required because of the simulated patients' poor recall abilities.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[6]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[72]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[136]]></prism:startingPage>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2988</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Dec 15]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Community Pharmacy Services/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Education as Topic/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Pharmacists/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Professional Role]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Tape Recording]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 0372650; OID: NLM: PMC2661167; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1553-6467]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2988]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Am.J.Pharm.Educ.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19325956]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2991">
<title><![CDATA[Simulators in self-assessment]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Smith,J. K.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Baxendale,B.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Ferguson,E.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Maxwell-Armstrong,C. A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[91]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[90]]></prism:startingPage>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2991</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Jan]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Vascular Surgical Procedures/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 7506860; CON: Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2008 May;90(4):286-90. PMID: 18492390; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[England]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1478-7083]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Comment; Letter; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1308/003588409X359187]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2991]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Ann.R.Coll.Surg.Engl.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19126343]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2992">
<title><![CDATA[Simulation-based learning: how simulators help nurses improve clinical skills and preserve]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Broussard,L.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Nursing for women's health]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[6]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[12]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[521]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[524]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/27/2009 5:44:26 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2992</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Dec]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Benchmarking]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Manikins]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nursing Education Research]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Care Team/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Problem-Based Learning/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Safety Management/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Self Efficacy]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ United States]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 101304602; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1751-486X]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Maternal-Child Simulation Lab and Pediatrics and Maternity Course for senior nursing students at University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA. lab4456@louisiana.edu]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; N]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1111/j.1751-486X.2008.00386.x]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2992]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Nurs.Womens Health.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19121057; LIFE386 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2830">
<title><![CDATA[The digital patient: Predicting physiologic dynamics with mathematical models.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[TG,Buchman]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Critical Care Medicine; 03/01/2009 (AN 2010200771) CINAHL Plus]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[EBSCO Publishing]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[(MM "Simulations+") on 2009-02-10 03:06 PM]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2830</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Fri, 17 Apr]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&bquery=((MM+%22Simulations%2b%22))&type=1&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2830]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:ul><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&AN=2010200771&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:ul>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2831">
<title><![CDATA[Professional update. Robotic model used in nursing instruction.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[S,Mullett]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[RN; 03/01/2009 (AN 2010231965) CINAHL Plus]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[EBSCO Publishing]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[(MM "Simulations+") on 2009-02-10 03:06 PM]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2831</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Fri, 17 Apr]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&bquery=((MM+%22Simulations%2b%22))&type=1&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2831]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:ul><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&AN=2010231965&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:ul>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2832">
<title><![CDATA[An evaluation of simulated clinical practice for adult branch students.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[J,Prescott S.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Garside]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Nursing Standard; 02/04/2009 (AN 2010207346) CINAHL Plus]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[EBSCO Publishing]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[(MM "Simulations+") on 2009-02-10 03:06 PM]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:44:58 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2832</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Fri, 17 Apr]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&bquery=((MM+%22Simulations%2b%22))&type=1&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2832]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:ul><![CDATA[http://proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&AN=2010207346&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:ul>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2828">
<title><![CDATA[Effect of emergency care simulator combined with problem-based learning in teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Wang,X. P.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Martin,S. M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Li,Y. L.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Chen,J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhang,Y. M.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the teaching effects of emergency care simulator (ECS) combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: 42 medical students were randomly divided into 2 equal groups, control group receiving PBL and training of specific operation such as artificial respiration, external cardiac compression, tracheal intubation, and defibrillation, and ECS group receiving ECS training in addition. Then test was given to record the scores in artificial respiration. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the feedback. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the scores of artificial respiration, external cardiac compression, tracheal intubation, and defibrillation between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the Control group and the ECS group (P < 0.05). The percentages of students with enhanced emergency awareness, emergency skill, team spirit and cooperative effort, with improved analytic skill in clinical setting and in amalgamating the theoretic learning with textbook knowledge and clinical practice were all higher in the ECS group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). More than 86% of the students considered that there was significant difference between these two groups. CONCLUSION: Using ECS combined with PBL in teaching CPR technique directly involves the medical students in "emergency practice", resolving of "all sorts of problems", enhancing emergency awareness, and emergency skill. It can improve teaching quality significantly that is in accordance with the development of modern medicine.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Zhonghua yi xue za zhi]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[23]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[88]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1651]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[1653]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:54 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:54 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2828</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Jun 17]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Adult]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Competency-Based Education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Educational Technology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Students, Medical]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Teaching/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Young Adult]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 7511141; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[China]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0376-2491]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. txp2938@jnu.edu.cn]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[chi]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[English Abstract; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2828]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19035110]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2824">
<title><![CDATA[Lessons for continuing medical education from simulation research in undergraduate and graduate medical education: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[McGaghie,W. C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Siddall,V. J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Mazmanian,P. E.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Myers,J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ American College of Chest Physicians Health and Science Policy Committee]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Simulation technology is widely used in undergraduate and graduate medical education as well as for personnel training and evaluation in other healthcare professions. Simulation provides safe and effective opportunities for learners at all levels to practice and acquire clinical skills needed for patient care. A growing body of research evidence documents the utility of simulation technology for educating healthcare professionals. However, simulation has not been widely endorsed or used for continuing medical education (CME). METHODS: This article reviews and evaluates evidence from studies on simulation technology in undergraduate and graduate medical education and addresses its implications for CME. RESULTS: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence Report suggests that simulation training is effective, especially for psychomotor and communication skills, but that the strength of the evidence is low. In another review, the Best Evidence Medical Education collaboration supported the use of simulation technology, focusing on high-fidelity medical simulations under specific conditions. Other studies enumerate best practices that include mastery learning, deliberate practice, and recognition and attention to cultural barriers within the medical profession that present obstacles to wider use of this technology. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation technology is a powerful tool for the education of physicians and other healthcare professionals at all levels. Its educational effectiveness depends on informed use for trainees, including providing feedback, engaging learners in deliberate practice, integrating simulation into an overall curriculum, as well as on the instruction and competence of faculty in its use. Medical simulation complements, but does not replace, educational activities based on real patient-care experiences.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Chest]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3 Suppl]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[135]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[62S]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[68S]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2824</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Mar]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer-Assisted Instruction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Curriculum]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical, Continuing/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical, Graduate/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Research Design/standards]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ United States]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 0231335; RF: 58; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1931-3543]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA. wcmc@northwestern.edu]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; Review; AIM; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1378/chest.08-2521]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2824]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Chest]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19265078; 135/3_suppl/62S [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2825">
<title><![CDATA[Accelerated nursing students and theater students: creating a safe environment by acting the part]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Cangelosi,P. R.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Traditional approaches to teaching basic nursing skills are being questioned for accelerated, or second-degree, nursing students. Since accelerated nursing students have demonstrated the ability to quickly assimilate new information and to transfer skills from a previous career into a new field, it is thought that they may benefit from teaching strategies that promote experiential learning. Through a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this study inquired into the experiences of 22 accelerated baccalaureate nursing students to determine if narrative learning in a campus laboratory setting helped them integrate content from classroom and clinical practica and move quickly along the pathway to the competencies that are needed for safe nursing practice. Data analysis revealed the teaching/learning significance of narratives for these students and is identified in the theme, "Creating a Safe Environment".]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Nursing education perspectives]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[6]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[29]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[342]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[346]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2825</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Nov-Dec]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Attitude of Health Personnel]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Drama]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Professional, Retraining/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Narration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nurse's Role/psychology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nurse-Patient Relations]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nursing Education Research]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nursing Methodology Research]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Problem-Based Learning/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Program Evaluation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Qualitative Research]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Questionnaires]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Safety]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Self Efficacy]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Students, Nursing/psychology]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Teaching/organization & administration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 101140025; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1536-5026]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA. pcangelo@gmu.edu]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; N]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2825]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Nurs.Educ.Perspect.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19244799]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2826">
<title><![CDATA[Clinical evaluation of a non-immersive virtual environment in stroke rehabilitation]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Edmans,J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Gladman,J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hilton,D.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Walker,M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Sunderland,A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cobb,S.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pridmore,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Thomas,S.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We describe our attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual environment developed to rehabilitate stroke patients in the task of making a hot drink. METHODS: Single case studies were performed in 13/138 (9%) stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation in a UK stroke unit. Participants in AB/BA (n = 5) and ABA (n = 2) design studies received 5 one-hour sessions of attention control training (A phase) and 5 one-hour sessions of virtual environment training (B phase). An AB design with random duration of A and B phases (minimum duration of A and B phases 3 and 5 days respectively, with total duration of 3 weeks) was used in 6 participants. RESULTS: Visual inspection of scores across all cases showed a trend towards improvement over time in both real and virtual hot drink making ability in both control and intervention phases. There was no significant difference (Wilcoxon, p > 0.05) in the improvements in real and virtual hot drink making ability during all control and intervention phases in the 13 cases. Ceiling effects limited the evaluation of effectiveness in 5 of the 8 cases in which daily performance measures were used. CONCLUSIONS: Few people in this setting were suitable for this intervention. The case studies showed no evidence of a strong effect of this intervention, but we had great difficulty in performing single case studies. We conclude that more testing and development of this system is required before it is subjected to rigorous testing of clinical effectiveness.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Clinical rehabilitation]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[23]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[106]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[116]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/17/2009 4:36:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2826</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Feb]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Activities of Daily Living]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Aged]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Aged, 80 and over]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer-Assisted Instruction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Female]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Male]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Middle Aged]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Selection]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Physical Therapy Modalities]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Stroke/rehabilitation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Treatment Outcome]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ User-Computer Interface]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 8802181; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[England]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0269-2155]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Division of Rehabilitation & Ageing, University of Nottingham, UK. judi.edmans@nottingham.ac.uk]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1177/0269215508095875]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2826]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Clin.Rehabil.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19164398; 23/2/106 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2813">
<title><![CDATA[A regional simulation center partnership: collaboration to improve staff and student competency]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sportsman,S.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bolton,C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bradshaw,P.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Close,D.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lee,M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Townley,N.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Watson,M. N.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[This article describes the development of a Regional Simulation Center by a hospital, university, and community college to provide competency education and validation for students, nurses, and other allied health staff. Using high-fidelity patient simulators and scenario-based simulations, bachelor's of science in nursing-prepared laboratory mentors provide realistic opportunities for hospital staff and students to validate their clinical judgment as well as their psychomotor skills. The process of development, as well as the advantages of the partnership for the hospital and the nursing programs, is outlined.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of continuing education in nursing]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[40]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[67]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[73]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/8/2009 5:00:06 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/8/2009 5:01:09 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2813</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[03]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Staff Development]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Collaboration]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Colleges and Universities]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Community Colleges]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Competency Assessment]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Consortia]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Decision Making, Clinical]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Faculty, Nursing]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Hospitals]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Judgment]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Learning Environment, Clinical]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Masters-Prepared Nurses]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nursing Staff, Hospital]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Registered Nurses]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Texas]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Workload]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[Accession Number: 2010191485. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090320. Revision Date: 20090327. Publication Type: journal article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Core Nursing; Nursing; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nursing Education. No. of Refs: 11 ref. NLM UID: 0262321.]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0022-0124]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[College of Health Sciences and Human Services, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, Texas; Publisher URL: www.cinahl.com/cgi-bin/refsvc?jid=211&accno=2010191485]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,uid,url&db=jlh&AN=2010191485&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2813]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[J.Contin.Educ.Nurs.]]></refworks:jo>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2799">
<title><![CDATA[Simulation training in laparoscopy using a computerized physical reality simulator]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hasson,H. M.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVE: To describe a new simulator, SurgicalSIM LTS, and summarize our preliminary experience with system. METHODS: LTS was evaluated in 3 studies: (1) 124 participants from 3 Canadian universities: 13 students; 30 residents, fellows, attendings from surgery; 59 gynecologists; 22 urologists were classified based on laparoscopic experience as novice, intermediate, competent, or expert. All were tested on the LTS. Seventy-four were tested on the LTS and MISTELS (McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills). Participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire. (2) Twenty-five international gynecologists in-training at Kiel Gynaecologic Endoscopy Center, and 15 students from the center pretested on LTS underwent voluntary additional trials and posttesting. (3) Seventeen experienced laparoscopic surgeons from 3 specialties were recruited to perform on randomly assigned simulators involving 5 commercial, computer-based systems. The surgeons practiced repetitively for 1.5 days. Efficient, error-free performance was measured and proficiency score formulas were developed. RESULTS: Study A: LTS showed a good correlation with level of experience (P=0.000) and MISTELS (0.79). Satisfaction: LTS vs MISTELS 79.9 vs 70.4 (P=0.012). Study B: Posttest scores were significantly better in all tasks for both groups, P<0.0001. Group mean scores with < or =5 trials were significantly better than with 2 or 3 trials (P<0.012, P<0.018). Study C: LTS had the highest effectiveness rating of the 5 simulators. CONCLUSIONS: A new computerized physical reality simulator can be used to assess/train laparoscopic technical skills.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2008]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons / Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[12]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[363]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[367]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2799</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Oct-Dec]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Female]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ General Surgery/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Gynecology/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Laparoscopy]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Urologic Surgical Procedures/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Urology/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ User-Computer Interface]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 100884618; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1086-8089]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. drhasson@aol.com]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2799]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[JSLS]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19275849]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2800">
<title><![CDATA[Assessing endovascular skills using the Simulator for Testing and Rating Endovascular Skills (STRESS) machine]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Willems,M. C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ van der Vliet,J. A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Williams,V.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Kool,L. J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bergqvist,D.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Blankensteijn,J. D.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVES: Endovascular techniques are an integral part of modern-day vascular surgery practice and training. Nevertheless, validated in vitro assessment tools for these skills are scarce. This study describes the development and pilot testing of the Simulator for Testing and Rating Endovascular Skills (STRESS machine). DESIGN: The design was kept straightforward and compact, without the need for contrast or fluoroscopy. A specific technical skill score was designed analogous to the Imperial College Evaluation of Procedural Skill (ICEPS), an assessment score for open surgical skill. This score was combined with an already validated global rating assessment to form the total score (TS). METHODS: A pilot study was carried out on 18 candidates of varying levels of expertise: novice, intermediate and expert, who were assessed by two independent observers to test inter-observer reliability. RESULTS: Inter-observer reliability was excellent, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the TS was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.97). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between the novice and expert groups (p<0.001), between the novice and intermediate groups (p<0.01) and between the intermediate and expert groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The STRESS machine, in combination with the specific technical skill score and global rating assessment, provides a reliable method of discriminating between the novice, intermediate and expert candidates with excellent inter-observer variability.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[37]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[431]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[436]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2800</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Apr]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Balloon Dilatation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Clinical Competence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Computer Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Pilot Projects]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Renal Artery Obstruction/therapy]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Reproducibility of Results]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Time Factors]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 9512728; 2008/09/03 [received]; 2008/12/25 [accepted]; 2009/02/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[England]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1532-2165]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[Department of Vascular Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.willems@chir.umcn.nl]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; Validation Studies; IM]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.12.021]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2800]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:wp><![CDATA[20090215]]></refworks:wp>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Eur.J.Vasc.Endovasc.Surg.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19232501; S1078-5884(08)00702-8 [pii]]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2801">
<title><![CDATA[Incorporating scenario-based simulation into a hospital nursing education program]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nagle,B. M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ McHale,J. M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Alexander,G. A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ French,B. M.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Nurse educators are challenged to provide meaningful and effective learning opportunities for both new and experienced nurses. Simulation as a teaching and learning methodology is being embraced by nursing in academic and practice settings to provide innovative educational experiences to assess and develop clinical competency, promote teamwork, and improve care processes. This article provides an overview of the historical basis for using simulation in education, simulation methodologies, and perceived advantages and disadvantages. It also provides a description of the integration of scenario-based programs using a full-scale patient simulator into nursing education programming at a large academic medical center.]]></description>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2009]]></dc:date>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of continuing education in nursing]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[40]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[18]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[25; quiz 26-7, 48]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[4/7/2009 7:05:48 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=037891164614400000/RWWS4A191468/Simulation&amp;rn=2801</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Jan]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Humans]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Inservice Training/methods]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Manikins]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Nursing Staff, Hospital/education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Patient Simulation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ United States]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[JID: 0262321; ppublish]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[United States]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0022-0124]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:ad><![CDATA[The Institute for Patient Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 275 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.]]></refworks:ad>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[eng]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Journal Article; N]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[2801]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[J.Contin.Educ.Nurs.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[PMID: 19226995]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr></item>

</rdf:RDF>